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Below we have provided an explanation on each of the four concepts of classical conditioning:
- Generalisation
- Discrimination
- Extinction
- Spontaneous Recovery
Generalisation refers to the ways in which we respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli. For example, with Professor Pearce’s pigeon, he could generalise to the concept of a tree. Or another example is that the dog that was conditioned to drool upon hearing a clicking noise may generalize that behaviour to similar sounds, such as tapping and beeping noises.
Discrimination, on the other hand, refers to being able to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and various other similar stimuli. For example, a baby may react differently to their mother’s voice than to a stranger’s voice.
Another concept that’s important here is extinction. This can occur when the conditioned stimulus is applied repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. For example, after Pavlov’s dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, it eventually stopped salivating to the bell after the bell had been sounded repeatedly but no food came. Or, for example, if the person were to stop driving safely once gift vouchers for free petrol were to stop.
Finally we have the concept of spontaneous recovery, which refers to the re-emergence or reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of extinction. So, for example, the dog that stopped salivating to the sound of a ringing bell, all of a sudden begins salivating again.
- Generalisation
- Discrimination
- Extinction
- Spontaneous Recovery
Generalisation refers to the ways in which we respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli. For example, with Professor Pearce’s pigeon, he could generalise to the concept of a tree. Or another example is that the dog that was conditioned to drool upon hearing a clicking noise may generalize that behaviour to similar sounds, such as tapping and beeping noises.
Discrimination, on the other hand, refers to being able to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and various other similar stimuli. For example, a baby may react differently to their mother’s voice than to a stranger’s voice.
Another concept that’s important here is extinction. This can occur when the conditioned stimulus is applied repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. For example, after Pavlov’s dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, it eventually stopped salivating to the bell after the bell had been sounded repeatedly but no food came. Or, for example, if the person were to stop driving safely once gift vouchers for free petrol were to stop.
Finally we have the concept of spontaneous recovery, which refers to the re-emergence or reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of extinction. So, for example, the dog that stopped salivating to the sound of a ringing bell, all of a sudden begins salivating again.
If you would like to have another go at sorting the concepts, click on the button “Click Here to Continue”, otherwise keep scrolling down the page to mark this lesson as complete and continue on to the next lesson.
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- when a dog that is conditioned to drool upon hearing a clicking noise, he may behave the same way to similar sounds such as tapping and beeping noises.
- when a baby may react differently to their mother’s voice than to a stranger’s voice.
- after Pavlov's dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, it eventually stopped salivating to the bell after the bell had been sounded repeatedly but no food came.
- when the dog that stopped salivating to the sound of a ringing bell, all of a sudden begins salivating again.
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An example of Generalisation is
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An example of Discrimination is
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An example of Extinction is
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An example of Spontaneous Recovery is
